NguJulia Martin-Ortega, uBrent Jacobs kunye noDana Cordell

Ngaphandle kwephosphorus ukutya akunakuveliswa, kuba zonke izityalo nezilwanyana ziyayidinga ukuze zikhule.Beka ngokulula: ukuba akukho phosphorus, akukho bomi.Ngaloo ndlela, izichumisi ezisekelwe kwi-phosphorus-yi-"P" kwi-"NPK" yesichumisi-zibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokutya yehlabathi.

Uninzi lwe-phosphorus luvela kwilitye le-phosphate engahlaziyekiyo, kwaye ayikwazi ukudibanisa ngokufanelekileyo.Ngako oko ke onke amafama adinga ukufikelela kuwo, kodwa i-85% yamatye e-phosphate ashiyekileyo ehlabathi agxininiswe kumazwe amahlanu nje (amanye awo “ayi-geopolitically complex”): i-Morocco, i-China, i-Egypt, i-Algeria kunye noMzantsi Afrika.

Amashumi asixhenxe ekhulwini afunyanwa eMorocco kuphela.Oku kwenza inkqubo yokutya yehlabathi ibe sesichengeni kakhulu kuphazamiseko kubonelelo lwephosphorus olunokukhokelela ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso ngesiquphe.Umzekelo, ngo-2008 ixabiso lezichumiso zefosfeti lanyuka ngama-800%.

Ngaxeshanye, ukusetyenziswa kwe phosphorus kwimveliso yokutya kungasebenzi ngokugqithisileyo, ukusuka kum ukuya efama ukuya kwifolokhwe.Ibaleka iphume kumhlaba wezolimo iye emilanjeni nasemachibini, ingcolise amanzi nto leyo enokubulala iintlanzi nezityalo, kwaye enze amanzi abe yityhefu kakhulu ukuba angasela.

E-UK kuphela, ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha seetoni ze-174,000 ze-phosphate ethengwa kwamanye amazwe isetyenziswa ngokunemveliso ukukhulisa ukutya, kunye nokuphumelela kwe-phosphorus okufanayo kwi-EU iphela.Ngenxa yoko, imida yeplanethi ("indawo ekhuselekileyo" yomhlaba) yesixa sokuhamba kwe-phosphorus kwiinkqubo zamanzi sele igqithisiwe.

Ngaphandle kokuba sitshintsha indlela esisebenzisa ngayo iphosphorus, naluphi na uphazamiseko lonikezelo luya kubangela ingxaki yokutya kwihlabathi njengoko uninzi lwamazwe luxhomekeke kwizichumiso ezivela kumazwe angaphandle.Ukusebenzisa i-phosphorus ngendlela ekrelekrele, kuquka ukusebenzisa i-phosphorus esetyenzisiweyo ngakumbi, kuya kunceda imilambo namachibi asele enoxinzelelo.

Ngoku sijongene nokunyuka kwexabiso lesithathu elikhulu lesichumiso se-phosphate kwiminyaka engama-50, ngenxa yobhubhani we-COVID-19, i-China (elona lizwe lithumela ngaphandle kumazwe angaphandle) limisela imirhumo yokuthumela ngaphandle, kunye ne-Russia (enye yabavelisi abahlanu abaphezulu) ivala ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emva koko yahlasela i-Ukraine.Ukusukela oko waqala ubhubhane, amaxabiso ezichumisi anyuke kakhulu kwaye ngaxesha lithile aphindeke kane kwiminyaka emibini.Basekwelona nqanaba liphezulu ukusukela ngo-2008.